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Đồng Hới () is the capital city of Quảng Bình Province in the north central coast of Vietnam. The city's area is . Population as per the 2013 census was 160,000.〔 It is served by National Highway 1A, the Đồng Hới Railway Station, and airport. By road, Đồng Hới is south of Hanoi, south of Vinh, north of Huế and north of Hồ Chí Minh City.〔(Du lịch đường bộ )〕 It borders Quảng Ninh District on the west and south, the South China Sea on the east, Bố Trạch District on the north.〔(Quang Binh )〕〔 Đồng Hới has a 12-km-long coastline with white sand beaches.〔()〕 It is the closest city to Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, UNESCO's World Natural Heritage Site, 50 km north. ==History== Archaeological excavation in this area proved that humans lived in what is now Quảng Bình province in the Stone Age. Many artifacts, such as ceramic vases, stone tools, and china, have been unearthed in Quảng Bình.〔''Quảng Bình, Nuoc non huyen dieu'', Van Nghe Publishing House, 2000, pp. 14-17.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Evidence for Culture Development in Vietnam during the Middle Holocene )〕 In 1926, French archaeologist Madeleine Colani discovered and excavated many artifacts in caves and grottoes in west mountainous areas of Quảng Bình. She concluded that the Hòa Bình culture existed in this region. Through C14 testing, the artifacts dated back to 10,509 (plus or minus 950) ago. From Quy Đạt township (Tuyên Hóa District) to southwest about 150 m, the Hum grotto contains many stone tools and animal stones from an ancient human community. Inside Khai grotto near the Quy Đạt township, similar artifacts were found, including ceramics from Đông Sơn culture. Additionally, artifacts of the Stone Age were unearthed in grottoes in the Quảng Bình region. Owners of these artifacts lived in the caves and grottoes and hunted for their food.〔 Human settlement in Đồng Hới can be traced 5,000 years back. Many relics and remnants have been found in Bau Tro, a lake in the city, most of which date to the Stone Age. Around 2880 BC, the site of modern Đồng Hới was a territory of the Viet Thuong tribe of Văn Lang during the reign of king Hùng Vương. The site was a long-disputed territory between the Champa kingdom and Đại Việt. It officially became Đại Việt territory in 1069 after Lý Thường Kiệt took victory over Champa as a result of the Đại Việt-Champa War (1069). The area ceased to be the southernmost of Đại Việt following the political marriage of the Trần Dynasty princess, Huyền Trân, to Champa king, Jaya Sinhavarman III (Vietnamese: ''Chế Mân''). Princess Huyền Trân was king Trần Nhân Tông's daughter and king Trần Anh Tông's younger sister. Political matches made to acquire land was a traditional practice by Champa kings. Thanks to this marriage, Đại Việt acquired lands (as dowry) of what is now Quảng Trị Province and Thừa Thiên–Huế Province (provinces which were then known respectively as Chau O and Chau Ri or Chau Ly).〔(Trần Dynasty )〕 During the time of the Trịnh–Nguyễn War (1558–1775), Vietnam was divided into two countries: Dang Trong (South) and Dang Ngoai (North) with the Gianh River as frontier line. Đồng Hới was an important fortress of the southern Nguyễn lords. The Đồng Hới Wall (Vietnamese: ''Thành Đồng Hới'') was considered the barrier that protected the Nguyễn lords from the attack by the northern Trịnh family. During the First Indochina War (between the French and the Viet Minh in 1950s), the Đồng Hới airbase was used by the French to attack the Viet Minh in north-central Vietnam and the Laotian Pathet Lao army in central and southern Laos. During the Vietnam War, Đồng Hới was heavily devastated by bombardments from the United States B-52 due to its location near the 17th parallel and the DMZ between North Vietnam and South Vietnam.〔(U. S. Hits Dong Hoi Again, Russ Say )〕〔(B-52's Raid Supply Routes South of the 20th Parallel; U. S. Planes, by Mistake, Bomb Base at Da Nang and Wound 10 Emergency Program Ordered Loss of A-7 Reported 2 Cambodian Villages Periled )〕 On February 11, 1965 bombing destroyed much of the city. The Tam Tòa Church, a Catholic cathedral, was severely damaged. Today the bell tower remains near the town center as a monument. On 19 April 1972, during a major North Vietnam offensive, a task force of four US ships were sailing off the coast of Vietnam — the , , the and the . They were attacked by three North Vietnamese MiGs in the battle of Đồng Hới. In an attempt to surprise the task force, the MiGs came in low, described as getting their feet wet. Despite the official stories, they did not surprise the task force, which had spotted them long before engagement range and were ready to shoot. Two ships, the ''Oklahoma City'' and the ''Sterett'', had anti-aircraft missiles, while the ''Higbee'' and the ''Lloyd Thomas'' were armed with dual purpose 5" guns. All ships were at battle stations. This city is the narrowest land of Vietnam (around 40 km from the east to the west). After the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, Quảng Bình province was merged into Bình Trị Thiên province (Bình Trị Thiên is the abbreviation of Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên provinces). In 1990, Bình Trị Thiên was once again separated into three provinces as it had been before. Đồng Hới then became the capital of Quảng Bình province. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Đồng Hới」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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